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- Detailed origin: Central Andes of Peru, Ecuador, and Bolivia. Used since pre-Incan times by healers and peoples such as the Mochicas and Chavinenses.
- Popular names: San Pedro, huachuma
- Traditional method of use: Infusion of the cactus Echinopsis pachanoi. Ingested in Andean ceremonies for spiritual and emotional healing.
- Main effects: Visual distortions, synesthesia, euphoria, expanded perception of time, spiritual connection.
- Signs of intoxication: Intense anxiety, disorientation, high blood pressure, severe vomiting, paranoia, or panic.
- Withdrawal symptoms: Does not generate classic withdrawal syndrome. In some cases, there may be sadness, fatigue, or irritability.
- Acute treatment: Mild sedation with benzodiazepines, cardiovascular control, clinical observation.
- Hospital treatment: Hospitalization if there are severe symptoms, risk of self-harm or aggression, or psychiatric decompensation.